We previously assessed the efficiency of intravenous injections of 125I-labeled mAbs for the treatment of small peritoneal carcinomatosis (Santoro et al, J. Nucl Med 2009). In the present study, athymic nude mice bearing intraperitoneal A-431 tumor cell xenografts expressing CEA receptors were intraperitoneally injected with 125I-35A7 mAb at days 4 following tumor cells xenograft. SPECT-CT imaging shows strong uptake of 125I-mAbs by tumors nodules, and demonstrates its usefulness for radioimmunotherapy of small solid tumors. Tracer details : The non-internalizing murine IgG1k 35A7 mAb, specific for the CEA Gold 2 epitope, was used to target CEA in transfected A-431 cells. Radiolabeling with iodine 125 was done according to the IODO-GEN method.
SPECT/CT imaging of a mouse was performed following administration of three isotopes. 700uCi (26MBq) of Tc99m-MDP, 1.2mCi (44MBq) of I123, and 300uCi (11MBq) of Tl201 were injected. Imaging was performed for 56 minutes at 60 minutes post-injection. MDP bone uptake is visualized in gray, I123 uptake (red) is clearly visible in the thyroid, small intestine, and eyes, while Tl201 (green) uptake is mostly evident in the kidneys.
Images courtesy of The University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy.
Displayed is high-resolution ex vivo image of microcalcification of breast cancer. A CT scan was performed with tube voltage of 45 kVp, 177µA current, 3000 ms/projection, 360 projections/rotation. The pixel size of detector was set to 96 µm. This image was acquired in 18 minutes. Exact cone beam algorithm with a Shepp-Logan filter and 10-micron voxel size was used for reconstruction (using InVivoScope post-processing software).
The image is courtesy the Frangioni Laboratory, Longwood SAIF, Harvard Medical school.
Pretargeting has been attracting increasing attention as a drug delivery approach. We recently proposed Watson-Crick pairing of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (MORF) for the recognition system in tumor pretargeting. MORF pretargeting involves the initial i.v. injection of a MORF-conjugated antitumor antibody and the subsequent i.v. injection of the radiolabeled complement. Our laboratory has reported on MORF pretargeting for diagnosis using 99mTc as radiolabel. We now report on the use of MORF pretargeting for radiotherapy in a mouse tumor model using 188Re as the therapeutic radiolabel.
For more details see: http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1587615
A two-part image is presented displaying the results of whole-body and focused CT imaging of vasculature in a mouse. Imaging was performed after introduction of MICROFIL, a radio-opaque compound, to the vasculature system. Whole-body image data were acquired in 12 minutes. Crosshairs indicate the location of the tumor on the left shoulder. After excision, the tumor (17mm axial extent) was re-imaged in 9 minutes. Cone-beam filtered back projection with a Shepp Logan filter and 50-micron voxels was chosen for reconstruction.
Special thanks to Julie Foster and Saba Salman of Queen Mary's.
Volume rendering: [151] Slice view of entire mouse: [152]
The results of an automated tumor segmentation of a mouse using inviCRO's digital scalpel powered by Definiens. The layered model or "onion" model is generated via topographical thinning or "peeling" of the segmented tumor. The four scenes are comprised of (left-to-right) an X-Ray CT (used to segment the tumor), the CT plus related SPECT data of the entire animal, the CT plus SPECT of the segmented tumor only (different color scale), and the CT plus inviCRO's onion model of the segmented tumor. This model, applicable to various imaging fields (see [148]), allows to analyze uptake within an organ.
Special thanks to Ben Gershman, University of New Mexico and Dr. Jacob Hesterman, Bioscan for their support.
Exemplary segmentation of a mouse brain using the CT component of a NanoSPECT/CT image only. On the left hand side, the original CT slices are shown, while the right images displays a fusion with the four different classifications of this image (background=gray, body=red, bone=white, brain=yellow).
Such classified anatomical data can subsequently be used to isolate organs from other modalities and thus achieve very precise and reliable information on, for instance, uptake. See [141] for further details.
InviCRO offers tools for automated segmentation for this and many other applications.
Approximately 150uCi (in 50uL) of stannous colloids labeled with Tc-99m were nebulized into the lungs of a normal FVB mouse with a microsprayer. Image data were acquired using a high-resolution, whole body multi-pinhole (9) aperture over 18 minutes, beginning approximately 15 minutes post-administration. A fully 3D volume rendering of the SPECT/CT data is shown.
Images courtesy of Alain Le Pape, CNRS, Orleans, France
Example of an automated tumor segmentation in a mouse using Definiens' Developer XD software. On the left, a volume rendering of the mouse torso (CT in grayscale, SPECT in NIH Fire 2) is shown, while on the right hand side, the tumor was isolated using inviCRO's digital scalpel tool.
The segmentation rule set provided by the Boston-based contract research organization finds the tumor based on its characteristics in the anatomical CT only. This approach not only allows a very precise volume measurement (including necrotic parts of the tumor), but also delivers highly consistent estimates of the tumor uptake from the SPECT image. SPECT and CT images generated on Bioscan's NanoSPECT/CT.
Please note, that different SPECT color scales where used in the left and right movie.
Special thanks to Dr. Hesterman (Bioscan) for his support in data pre-processing and image generation. The mouse image is courtesy of Ben Gershman (Univ. New Mexico).
Shown is a medium-resolution SPECT/CT from a wild-type CD-1 mouse injected with sodium Tc-99m-pertechnetate (Tc-99m-Ptnt), an isotope that recapitulates iodide uptake in cells and tissues. Tc-99m-Ptnt is an inexpensive, readily-available reagent that can be used in conjunction with expression of the NaI symporter to track cells and to quantify viral expression of transgenes in vivo. Four hours after injection of 1 mCi of Tc-99m-Ptnt, the thyroid gland and stomach, which have high endogenous expression of the NaI symporter, demonstrate dramatic uptake relative to other tissues and organs. The SPECT/CT image shown was created using a 30-minute acquisition and 30-minute reconstruction, although similar image quality can be obtained with shorter acquisition and reconstruction times.
Please see http://www.longwoodsaif.org/ for more details.